Naval Technology

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Naval Artillery
(See Research Rules for details on how naval Artillery is researched.)

1865 - Artillery before 1885 can be of up to 20" (50.8cm) bore  and up to 20 calibers long, firing projectiles weighing up to 2000 pounds (910 kg).
1885
1895
1900
1902
1907
1911
1915
1921
1928

VTE Steam Plants, Simple Reciprocating Engines
Half of base research cost once complex reciprocating engines have been developed
1870:   Engine Year 1870
1875:   Engine Year 1875
1880:   Engine Year 1880
1885:   Engine Year 1885
1890:   Engine Year 1890
1895:   Engine Year 1895
1900:   Engine Year 1905
1910:   Engine Year 1920

VTE Steam Plants, Complex Reciprocating Engines
Half of base research cost once turbines have been developed
1895:   Engine Year 1900
1902:   Engine Year 1905
1905:   Engine Year 1909,   Range +5%
1909:   Engine Year 1912,   Range +10%
1913:   Engine Year 1916,   Range +25%
1917:   Engine Year 1920,   Range +40%
1922:   Engine Year 1925,   Range +40%
1927:   Engine Year 1930,   Range +35%
1932:   Engine Year 1935,   Range +35%
1937:   Engine Year 1940,   Range +35%
1942:   Engine Year 1945,   Range +30%
1945:   Engine Year 1950,   Range +30%

Direct-Drive Turbines
1902:   Engine Year 1903,   Max. power 10500 HP/shaft
1905:   Engine Year 1905,   Max. power 20000 HP/shaft
1909:   Engine Year 1907,   Max. power 22000 HP/shaft
1913:   Engine Year 1909,   Max. power 25000 HP/shaft
1917:   Engine Year 1912,   Max. power 28000 HP/shaft

Geared Turbines
1909:   Engine Year 1912,   Max. power 10000 HP/shaft,   Requires 1905 Direct Drive turbines
1913:   Engine Year 1916,   Max. power 20000 HP/shaft
1917:   Engine Year 1920,   Max. power 38000 HP/shaft
1922:   Engine Year 1925,   Max. power 40000 HP/shaft
1927:   Engine Year 1930,   Max. power 50000 HP/shaft
1932:   Engine Year 1935,   Max. power 55000 HP/shaft
1937:   Engine Year 1940,   Max. power 60000 HP/shaft
1942:   Engine Year 1945,   Max. power 70000 HP/shaft
1947:   Engine Year 1950

Turbo-electric drive
1902:   Engine Year 1903,   Max. power 5000 HP/shaft,   Range +5%
1905:   Engine Year 1908,   Max. power 15000 HP/shaft,   Range +5%
1909:   Engine Year 1911,   Max. power 25000 HP/shaft,   Range +10%
1913:   Engine Year 1915,   Max. power 40000 HP/shaft,   Range +15%
1917:   Engine Year 1919,   Max. power 60000 HP/shaft,   Range +20%
1922:   Engine Year 1921,   Max. power 70000 HP/shaft,   Range +25%
1927:   Engine Year 1923,   Range +35%
1932:   Engine Year 1926,   Range +30%
1937:   Engine Year 1931,   Range +25%
1942:   Engine Year 1935,   Range +20%
1945:   Engine Year 1939,   Range +15%

Hydraulic Turbines
1905:   Engine Year 1910,   Max. power 10000 HP/shaft,   Requires 1902 Direct Drive turbines
1909:   Engine Year 1914,   Max. power 30000 HP/shaft
1913:   Engine Year 1918,   Max. power 35000 HP/shaft
1917:   Engine Year 1921,   Max. power 42000 HP/shaft
1922:   Engine Year 1925,   Max. power 45000 HP/shaft
1927:   Engine Year 1929,   Max. power 48000 HP/shaft
1932:   Engine Year 1933,   Max. power 52000 HP/shaft
1937:   Engine Year 1938,   Max. power 55000 HP/shaft
1942:   Engine Year 1942,   Max. power 60000 HP/shaft
1945:   Engine Year 1946,   Max. power 65000 HP/shaft

Diesel Engines
details still to be determined
1911:   Max. power 1500 HP/shaft,   Requires 1905 VTE
1915:   Max. power 13000 HP/shaft
1927:   Max. power 28000 HP/shaft
1931:   Max. power 32000 HP/shaft
1937:   Max. power 55000 HP/shaft

Miscellaneous propulsion technology:
1900 Underway Recoaling
1901: Mixed firing: allows bunkers with up to 20% percentage of oil.
1905: Oil firing: allows bunkers with over 20% percentage of oil.
1915 Underway Oiling

BB/AC Architecture - Main battery in turrets
1865: Main guns in Coles/Ericsson turrets, deck mounts, casemates or broadside mounts, secondaries in broadside mounts.
1880: Main guns in Coles/Ericsson turrets, barbette mounts, or casemates, secondaries in casemates or deck mounts.
1890: Mixed main armament or AQY with double turrets+casemates
1904: All-big-gun ship with wing turrets, superfiring turrets (restricted axial firing arcs), improved turret hydraulics, Torpedo Bulkheads
1906: Superfiring turrets (unrestricted firing arcs), triple turrets
1912: Quadruple turrets
1920:  No restriction (high or low) on caliber of turreted guns

Secondaries are 4-7" guns. 8-10" medium-caliber guns are not secondaries, but medium-caliber main guns

Aircraft/Seaplane Carriers
1910: Experimental aviation ships; automatically granted upon completion of the 1910 Aircraft (1914 models) tech.
1915: Floatplanes; flying-off decks for wheeled aircraft
1918: Gunpowder catapults for floatplanes; separate landing and taking-off decks for wheeled aircraft
1922: Hydraulic catapults; full length decks for wheeled aircraft; arrestor wires
1926: Armored box carrier

Light Cruiser Architecture - Main battery in deck mounts/casemates
1865: Guns in deck or broadside mounts.
1880: Guns in single mounts or casemates, on side/centerline
1900: Ammunition hoists, deck torpedo armament, superfiring mounts
1910: Twin gun mounts (require hoists); powered gun mounts; unrestricted weapon armor
1920:  No restriction (high or low) on caliber of turreted guns

Destroyer and TB architecture - Top speed no less than X kts (specified below), composite hull strength > 0.49, and engines must take up at least 50% of normal displacement
1865: Spar torpedo, displacement 250t, at least 18 knots
1880: Single TTs - max 4, displacement 500t, at least 21 knots
1904: Double TTs - max 8, displacement 750t, at least 24 knots
1908: Triple TTs - max 12, displacement 1000t, at least 24 knots
1912: Max displacement 1500t, at least 24 knots
1918: Quad TTs, 2000t, at least 24 knots
1924: Quintuple tubes, 2,500t, at least 24 knots

MTB Tech

Motor Torpedo Boats Year Type LD(t) Main Gun MG TT Misc. Weight Cruise Range Medium Range Fast Range Crew 1905 A 40 1x50mm or less 2 2 0 1000@10 300@16 10 1910 B 20 0 2 2 0 500@10 100@20 6 1914 C 20 0 2 2 0 500@10 100@20 40@26 6 1914 D 40 1x50mm or less 2 2 0 1000@10 200@20 100@25 11 1918 E 20 0 2 2 0 500@10 100@20 20@30 6 1918 F 40 1x50mm or less 2 2 0 1000@10 200@20 70@28 12 1922 G 40 1x50mm or less 2 2 0 1000@10 200@20 50@30 15 1922 H 80 1x77mm or less 2 2 2 2000@10 400@20 100@30 20 1928 I 40 1x50mm or less 2 2 0 1000@10 200@20 50@30 16 1928 J 80 1x77mm or less 2 2 2 2000@10 400@20 100@30 24 1928 K 120 1x77mm or less, 1x50mm or less 2 4 4 3000@10 600@20 150@30 30

Mine Warfare
1890: Long stick and Very Slow Forward. Hand detonated mines
1900: Primitive paravanes and dragged booms behind small vessels.  Horn mines.
1908: Advanced paravanes, active charges. Reliable horn mines, early antenna mines.
1918: Reliable antenna mines.
1922: Unreliable magnetic mines & countermessures.

Naval Artillery Shells
1880: Solid shot
1890: High Explosive
1895: Semi Armour-Piercing
1905: Armour-Piercing
1908: Capped shells

ASW
1910: ASW tactics, depth charges
1916: hydrophones, depth charge throwers

Night fighting
1908: Basic tactics, searchlight, night scopes
1912: Starshell + improved tactics
1918: Illuminating shells with parachute, improved night scopes

Rangefinding, Fire Control and Gunnery (double-time tech)
1908: Centralized FC, early directors - 12kyd
1912: Primitive FC computers -18kyd
1918: Spotting planes, Central director stations, long base-length RF - 24kyd
1930: Electromechanical FC computers - 30kyd

Radar technology (double-time tech)
1905: Early Huelsmeyer-type "radar", listening dishes, War tuba's.
1915: Refined Huelsmeyer-type "radar"
1930: Primitive "modern" search RADAR

Armor technology
1860: Wrought Iron -30%
1880: Compound -20%
1890: Harvey -10%
1900: Krupp Cemented 0
1915: All Imp. KC types +10%

An armor tech not related to the metallurgical aspects of the main tree, and not required as a per-requisite to later techs on that main tech tree:

1912 Sloped external belts; "All or Nothing" Protective Schemes

Torpedo Technologies
1860: spar torpedo, 50kg warhead (-1 dam), .25 tons.
1875: 250m@22kts range, 30kg warhead (-2 dam.), Compressed Air, 16" dia.
1890: 800m@26kts range, 50kg warhead (-1 dam.), Compressed Air, 16" dia.
1890: 1200@26, 400@35, 100kg warhead (+0 dam.), Compressed Air, 16"
1899:3000@26, 1500@30, 100kg warhead(+0 dam.), Early Wet Heater, 18"
1905: 5000@26, 2200@35, 100kg warhead, Imp. Wet heater, 18"
1908: 7000@26, 3000@35, 100kg warhead, imp. wet heater, , 21"
1913:15000@26, 10000@30,7000@35, 200kg warhead (+1),  21"
1918: 20000@26, 15000@30, 10000@35, 300kg warhead (+2), 24"
1928: Reliable Oxygen Torpedoes (aka Long Lance Torpedoes, double time tech)

These are max capabilities. If there's a historical torpedo with less weight and lower performance, you can use that.

Electric Torpedo Proplusion
1905: 2000@20/1000@30, +0 damage
1914:  Torpedoes as capable as normal torpedoes at "slow" setting.

Submarines
Follow the chart for available weights for the moment, however sim subs using the folowing standards, aditional changes may be made however they will not be critical to the design of subs.
Tech years are 1900, 1905, 1910, 1915, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940:

You will sim your sub in awash condition, just
about to go under. Specify depth as about 2/3 of
beam; this seems typical for subs of pre-nuke era.
Provide "miscelleneous weight" of about 1/4 to 1/6
of normal displacement - this is your ballast tank.
(Some nations' real subs had closer to 1/3, but
this will not sim well.)

For freeboard, enter zero. (To avoid computer
error, the program will adjust this to 0.1 ft
(0.03 metre). You'll get a "horribly cramped"
warning - ignore it. However, if your sub has
stability less than 1.0, you'll have to redesign
it. Always enter steadiness of 50 pct. (If you cheat
to get more stability, whoever re-runs the sim will
catch you!)

Multiply composite hull strength times 100 to
get operational diving depth in feet. (Multiply by
30 for depth in metres.) Emergency diving depth
is 1.6 times operational depth; crush depth is 2.5
times operational depth.

You will find that the smaller the ballast
tank, the deeper your sub can dive. However, the
ballast tank is your reserve bouyancy, and will
determine how much depth-charging you can take
and still make it back up!

Adjust your report file. Just delete all those
warnings about lack of seaworthiness - a dived sub
obviously isn't seaworthy by surface-ship standards.
Specify crew as about half the listed minimum.
Don't forget to list operational diving depth.

Submarines of Navalism Year Displacement Tubes and Torpedoes Gun Range Surface Range Submerged Speed Max. Depth Fuel Type Bow Stern Torpedoes Mines # Size Miles Days @ Miles Hours @ Surface Submerged 1900 50 1 2 100 0.69 6 10 2 5 6 5 75 gas 1900 100 1 2 250 1.30 8 20 4 5 8 7 100 gas 1900 125 2 2 375 1.95 8 30 6 5 10 8 100 gas 1900 250 2 4 750 3.91 8 40 8 5 12 8 100 gas 1905 500 2 2 6 1 75 2,000 10.42 8 60 12 5 14 10 150 gas 1910 250 2 4 2,000 10.42 8 40 8 5 12 10 150 diesel 1910 500 2 2 6 1 75 4,000 20.83 8 60 12 5 14 10 150 diesel 1910 750 4 2 8 1 100 6,000 31.25 8 70 14 5 15 10 150 diesel 1910 1,000 4 2 12 1 100 8,000 41.67 8 90 18 5 17 10 150 diesel 1915 125 2 0 2 1,250 6.51 8 40 8 5 9 7.5 150 diesel 1915 250 2 0 4 3,000 15.63 8 60 12 5 12 10 150 diesel 1915 1,500 4 2 16 2 150 8,000 41.67 8 90 18 5 17 10 150 diesel 1915 250 0 1 8 2,000 5.21 8 40 8 5 8 6 150 diesel 1915 500 2 1 2 8 4,000 20.83 8 60 12 5 14 10 150 diesel 1915 750 4 1 4 8 1 100 6,000 26.04 8 70 14 5 15 10 150 diesel 1915 1,000 4 1 6 12 1 100 8,000 31.25 8 90 18 5 17 10 150 diesel 1915 1,500 4 1 8 16 2 100 10,000 41.67 8 90 18 5 17 10 150 diesel 1920 250 2 0 4 * 3,000 15.63 10 60 12 5 12 10 150 diesel 1920 500 2 1 6 * 1 75 4,000 16.67 10 60 12 5 14 10 250 diesel 1920 750 4 1 8 * 1 100 6,000 25.00 10 70 14 5 15 10 250 diesel 1920 1,000 4 1 12 * 1 100 8,000 33.33 10 90 18 5 17 10 250 diesel 1920 1,500 4 2 16 * 2 100 10,000 41.67 10 90 18 5 17 10 250 diesel 1920 2,000 6 2 20 * 2 150 12,000 41.67 10 90 18 5 17 10 250 diesel 1925 125 2 0 2 * 1,250 6.51 8 40 8 5 9 7.5 150 diesel 1925 250 2 0 4 * 3,000 15.63 10 60 12 5 12 10 150 diesel 1925 500 2 1 6 * 1 75 4,000 16.67 10 60 12 5 14 10 500 diesel 1925 750 4 1 8 * 1 100 6,000 25.00 10 70 14 5 15 10 500 diesel 1925 1,000 4 1 12 * 1 100 8,000 33.33 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1925 1,500 4 2 16 * 2 100 10,000 41.67 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1925 2,000 6 2 20 * 2 150 12,000 50.00 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1925 2,500 6 2 24 * 2 203 14,000 58.33 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1925 3,000 6 4 24 * 2 ** 16,000 66.67 10 100 20 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 125 2 0 2 * 1,400 7.29 8 40 8 5 9 7.5 250 diesel 1930 250 2 0 4 * 3,500 14.58 10 60 12 5 12 10 250 diesel 1930 500 2 1 6 * 1 75 5,000 20.83 10 60 12 5 14 10 500 diesel 1930 750 4 1 8 * 1 100 7,000 29.17 10 70 14 5 15 10 500 diesel 1930 1,000 4 1 12 * 1 100 9,000 37.50 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 1,500 4 2 16 * 2 100 11,000 45.83 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 2,000 6 2 20 * 2 150 13,000 54.17 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 2,500 6 2 24 * 2 203 15,000 62.50 10 90 18 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 3,000 6 4 24 * 2 ** 17,000 70.83 10 100 20 5 17 10 500 diesel 1930 3,500 6 4 24 * 2 ** 19,000 79.17 10 100 20 5 17 10 500 diesel 1935 125 2 0 2 * 1,600 8.33 8 45 9 5 10 7.5 250 diesel 1935 250 2 0 6 * 4,000 16.67 10 70 14 5 14 10 250 diesel 1935 500 2 1 8 * 1 75 6,000 25.00 10 70 14 5 16 10 750 diesel 1935 750 4 1 12 * 1 100 8,000 33.33 10 80 16 5 17 10 750 diesel 1935 1,000 4 1 16 * 1 100 10,000 41.67 10 100 20 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 1,500 4 2 20 * 2 100 12,000 50.00 10 100 20 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 2,000 6 2 24 * 2 150 14,000 58.33 10 100 20 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 2,500 6 2 24 * 2 203 16,000 66.67 10 100 20 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 3,000 6 4 24 * 2 ** 18,000 75.00 10 120 24 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 3,500 6 4 24 * 2 ** 20,000 83.33 10 120 24 5 20 10 750 diesel 1935 4,000 6 4 24 * 2 ** 22,000 91.67 10 120 24 5 20 10 750 diesel 1940 125 2 0 2 * 1,800 9.38 8 160 32 5 9 12 500 diesel 1940 250 4 0 6 * 4,500 23.44 8 240 48 5 11 13 500 diesel 1940 500 4 0 8 * 7,000 29.17 10 240 48 5 12 14 1000 diesel 1940 750 6 0 12 * 9,000 37.50 10 280 56 5 13 15 1000 diesel 1940 1,000 6 0 16 * 11,000 45.83 10 280 56 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 1,500 6 0 20 * 13,000 54.17 10 360 72 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 2,000 8 0 24 * 15,000 62.50 10 360 72 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 2,500 8 0 24 * 17,000 70.83 10 360 72 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 3,000 8 0 24 * 19,000 79.17 10 400 80 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 3,500 8 0 24 * 21,000 87.50 10 400 80 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 4,000 8 0 24 * 23,000 95.83 10 400 80 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 4,500 8 0 24 * 25,000 104.17 10 400 80 5 15 17 1000 diesel 1940 5,000 8 0 24 * 27,000 112.50 10 400 80 5 15 17 1000 diesel

*Note that a submarine of the 1920 tech level or newer may carry any mix of mines and torpedoes at a 1-2 ratio. So a sub might for instance carry a total of 20 torpedoes and no mines, or a total of 40 mines and no torpedoes, or a total of 10 torpedoes and 20 mines, etc.

08/27/13 Updated armor types and added early torpedo technology
08/26/13 pre-1885 gun rules and simple reciprocating engine rules.