IV. Torpedobooten (Torpedo-Boats).
..(b) Großes Torpedobooten (Large Torpedo-boats).
GTB1898 type
GTB1901 type
GTB1903 type
GTB1906 type
GTB1909 type
Dutch D type Scrapped 2/17
GTB1912 type
GTB1916 type
GTB1898 class
SMS T90 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T91 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T92 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T93 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T94 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T95 - SUNK in the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea, 11 November 1907
SMS T96 - CTL 11 November 1907
SMS T97 - SUNK in the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea, 11 November 1907
SMS T98 - SUNK in the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea, 11 November 1907
SMS T99 - SUNK in the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea, 11 November 1907
SMS T100 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T102 - Scrapped 1914
SMS T103 - Scrapped 1914
(http://www.german-navy.de/pics/hochseeflotte/gtb1898.gif)
~450 tons
1x88mm
1x50mm
3x400mm torpedoes
2 shafts, 28 knots
800 miles @ 17 knots
GTB1901 class
SMS T101 - Scrapped 1914
(http://www.german-navy.de/pics/hochseeflotte/gtb1898.gif)
~450 tons
1x50mm
3x450mm torpedoes
2 shafts, 30 knots
300 miles @ 30 knots
GTB1903 class
SMS T104 - SUNK in the Battle of the Solomon Sea, 1 November 1907
SMS T105 - SUNK in the Battle of the Solomon Sea, 1 November 1907
SMS T106 - CTL 1 November 1907
SMS T107 - SUNK in the Battle of the Solomon Sea, 1 November 1907
SMS T108 - CTL 1 November 1907
(http://www.german-navy.de/pics/hochseeflotte/gtb1906.gif)
GTB1906 class
SMS T109
SMS T110
SMS T111
SMS T112 - SUNK 19 September 1916 in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T113 - SCUTTLED 20 September 1916 after damage in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T114 - SUNK 28 January 1908 in the Second Battle of the Afrika Rift
SMS T115
SMS T116 - SUNK 19 September 1916 in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T117 - SUNK 22 November 1916
SMS T118 - SUNK 28 November 1916
SMS T119 - SUNK December 1916
SMS T120 - SUNK December 1916
(http://www.german-navy.de/pics/hochseeflotte/gtb1911.gif)
GTB1906, Brandenburgian Großes Torpedobooten laid down 1906 (Engine 1909)
Displacement:
749 t light; 768 t standard; 897 t normal; 1,000 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
282.15 ft / 278.87 ft x 27.89 ft x 10.09 ft (normal load)
86.00 m / 85.00 m x 8.50 m x 3.08 m
Armament:
2 - 1.97" / 50.0 mm guns in single mounts, 3.86lbs / 1.75kg shells, 1903 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
2 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.10lbs / 0.50kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
2 - 0.30" / 7.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.01lbs / 0.01kg shells, 1902 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 10 lbs / 5 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
6 - 17.7" / 450 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 22,781 shp / 16,995 Kw = 31.10 kts
Range 4,500nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 231 tons)
Complement:
81 - 106
Cost:
£0.101 million / $0.403 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 tons, 0.1 %
Machinery: 525 tons, 58.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 213 tons, 23.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 147 tons, 16.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 10 tons, 1.1 %
- 5 tons, Markoni room
- 5 tons, torpedoes, 1 per tube
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
183 lbs / 83 Kg = 48.1 x 2.0 " / 50 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 73 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.01
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0.75
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.400
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.70 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 98
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Forecastle (10 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Mid (20 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (9.02 ft / 2.75 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9.02 ft / 2.75 m
- Stern: 9.02 ft / 2.75 m
- Average freeboard: 10.50 ft / 3.20 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 191.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 70.0 %
Waterplane Area: 4,787 Square feet or 445 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 39 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 25 lbs/sq ft or 121 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.50
- Longitudinal: 1.25
- Overall: 0.55
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
GTB1909 class
SMS T-121, laid down 1909
SMS T-122, laid down 1909
SMS T-123, laid down 1909
SMS T-124, laid down 1909
SMS T-125, laid down 1910
SMS T-126, laid down 1910
SMS T-127, laid down 1910
SMS T-128, laid down 1910
SMS T-129, laid down 1911
SMS T-130, laid down 1911
SMS T-131, laid down 1911
SMS T-132, laid down 1911
GTB09B, laid down 1909
Displacement:
744 t light; 777 t standard; 873 t normal; 950 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
295.28 ft / 291.99 ft x 26.57 ft x 9.84 ft (normal load)
90.00 m / 89.00 m x 8.10 m x 3.00 m
Armament:
3 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns in single mounts, 35.32lbs / 16.02kg shells, 1909 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority aft, 1 raised mount aft
1 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1909 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline amidships, 1 raised gun
2 - 0.30" / 7.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.01lbs / 0.00kg shells, 1909 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 108 lbs / 49 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
6 - 19.7" / 500 mm above water torpedoes (2x2, 2x1)
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm - 0.98" / 25 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
3rd: 0.39" / 10 mm - -
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 3 shafts, 17,000 shp / 12,682 Kw = 29.44 kts
Range 4,500nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 173 tons)
Complement:
79 - 104
Cost:
£0.100 million / $0.400 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 13 tons, 1.5 %
Armour: 8 tons, 0.9 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 8 tons, 0.9 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 448 tons, 51.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 247 tons, 28.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 129 tons, 14.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 28 tons, 3.2 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
211 lbs / 96 Kg = 6.0 x 4.1 " / 105 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 0.9 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.01
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.400
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.99 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.09 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 63 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 69
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 17.39 ft / 5.30 m
- Forecastle (10 %): 17.39 ft / 5.30 m
- Mid (20 %): 17.39 ft / 5.30 m (9.51 ft / 2.90 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9.51 ft / 2.90 m
- Stern: 9.51 ft / 2.90 m
- Average freeboard: 11.09 ft / 3.38 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 181.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 64.7 %
Waterplane Area: 4,777 Square feet or 444 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 52 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 26 lbs/sq ft or 129 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.50
- Longitudinal: 1.44
- Overall: 0.56
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Dutch torpedoboats gifted to DKB in mid-1911. The six units have been designated as SMS T-133 through T-138
All units scrapped 1918
D-class, Netherlands Torpedoboot laid laid down 1899
Displacement:
656 t light; 678 t standard; 725 t normal; 762 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
223,10 ft / 223,10 ft x 27,56 ft x 9,84 ft (normal load)
68,00 m / 68,00 m x 8,40 m x 3,00 m
Armament:
2 - 3,94" / 100 mm guns in single mounts, 37,48lbs / 17,00kg shells, 1899 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 1,97" / 50,0 mm guns in single mounts, 3,81lbs / 1,73kg shells, 1899 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 90 lbs / 41 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 17,7" / 450 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0,98" / 25 mm - -
2nd: 0,98" / 25 mm - -
- Conning tower: 0,98" / 25 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9 333 ihp / 6 963 Kw = 25,00 kts
Range 1 000nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 84 tons (100% coal)
Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery
Complement:
69 - 90
Cost:
£0,092 million / $0,366 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 1,3 %
Armour: 9 tons, 1,3 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0 %
- Armament: 8 tons, 1,1 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0 %
- Conning Tower: 2 tons, 0,2 %
Machinery: 433 tons, 59,7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 196 tons, 27,0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 69 tons, 9,5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 8 tons, 1,1 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
180 lbs / 82 Kg = 5,9 x 3,9 " / 100 mm shells or 0,2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,56
Metacentric height 1,5 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 9,3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,12
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0,419
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,10 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 14,94 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 67 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 15,35 ft / 4,68 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 14,76 ft / 4,50 m (9,84 ft / 3,00 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 9,84 ft / 3,00 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9,84 ft / 3,00 m
- Stern: 9,84 ft / 3,00 m
- Average freeboard: 10,87 ft / 3,31 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 204,0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 70,9 %
Waterplane Area: 3 831 Square feet or 356 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 24 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 135 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,58
- Longitudinal: 2,29
- Overall: 0,66
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
GTB 1912 Class
Large torpedo-boats, likely to be deployed in the Fatherland as a strike element complementing the battleline.
SMS T-139, laid down 1912
SMS T-140, laid down 1912
SMS T-141, laid down 1912
SMS T-142, laid down 1912
SMS T-143, laid down 1912
SMS T-144, laid down 1912
SMS T-145, laid down 1912
SMS T-146, laid down 1912
SMS T-147, laid down 1913
SMS T-148, laid down 1913 - SUNK 30 October 1916 near Padangbai
SMS T-149, laid down 1913
SMS T-150, laid down 1913
SMS T-151, laid down 1914 - SUNK 19 September 1916 in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T-152, laid down 1914 - SCUTTLED 20 September 1916 after damage in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T-153, laid down 1914 - SUNK 19 September 1916 in the Battle of the Banda Sea
SMS T-154, laid down 1914 - SUNK 19 September 1916 in the Battle of the Banda Sea
T-139, laid down 1912 (Engine 1912)
Displacement:
1,000 t light; 1,044 t standard; 1,201 t normal; 1,327 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
344.49 ft / 341.21 ft x 31.30 ft x 9.84 ft (normal load)
105.00 m / 104.00 m x 9.54 m x 3.00 m
Armament:
4 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns in single mounts, 35.32lbs / 16.02kg shells, 1909 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
2 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1909 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 0.30" / 7.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.01lbs / 0.00kg shells, 1909 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 144 lbs / 65 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
6 - 19.7" / 500 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.98" / 25 mm - 0.98" / 25 mm
2nd: 0.98" / 25 mm - -
3rd: 0.39" / 10 mm - -
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 3 shafts, 21,000 shp / 15,666 Kw = 30.08 kts
Range 7,000nm at 10.00 kts (Bunkerage = 282 tons)
Complement:
101 - 132
Cost:
£0.134 million / $0.534 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 18 tons, 1.5 %
Armour: 11 tons, 0.9 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 11 tons, 0.9 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 596 tons, 49.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 326 tons, 27.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 201 tons, 16.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 50 tons, 4.2 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
323 lbs / 147 Kg = 9.2 x 4.1 " / 105 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.29
Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
Roll period: 11.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.32
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.400
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.90 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18.47 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 69
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 17.06 ft / 5.20 m
- Forecastle (10 %): 17.06 ft / 5.20 m
- Mid (32 %): 17.06 ft / 5.20 m (9.19 ft / 2.80 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 9.19 ft / 2.80 m
- Stern: 9.19 ft / 2.80 m
- Average freeboard: 11.71 ft / 3.57 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 176.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 94.0 %
Waterplane Area: 6,574 Square feet or 611 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 64 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 29 lbs/sq ft or 140 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.50
- Longitudinal: 0.95
- Overall: 0.53
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
GTB-1916 Class
Newer fleet torpedo-boats, with ASW capability
SMS T-155 through T-164, laid down 1916
SMS T-178 through T-179, laid down 1917
GTB-1916, Deutscher Kaiserreich Großestorpedobooten laid down 1916
Displacement:
1,000 t light; 1,032 t standard; 1,161 t normal; 1,265 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
323.64 ft / 319.55 ft x 26.64 ft x 9.84 ft (normal load)
98.65 m / 97.40 m x 8.12 m x 3.00 m
Armament:
3 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns in single mounts, 33.07lbs / 15.00kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline, evenly spread
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
2 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns in single mounts, 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1916 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships
2 - 0.30" / 7.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.01lbs / 0.00kg shells, 1916 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 102 lbs / 46 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
6 - 19.7" / 500 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.79" / 20 mm - -
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 32,000 shp / 23,872 Kw = 32.83 kts
Trial Speed = 33.89 kts
Range 7,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 233 tons
Complement:
99 - 129
Cost:
£0.227 million / $0.907 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 14 tons, 1.2 %
Armour: 5 tons, 0.5 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 5 tons, 0.5 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 658 tons, 56.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 305 tons, 26.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 161 tons, 13.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 17 tons, 1.5 %
- 6t = 6 1t 50cm Torpedoes
- 10t = 15 DCs plus rail
- 1t = Unused/Misc
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
254 lbs / 115 Kg = 7.2 x 4.1 " / 105 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.18
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0.89
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.485
Length to Beam Ratio: 12.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.88 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 69 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 79
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 14.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -6.56 ft / -2.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
- Mid (50 %): 16.40 ft / 5.00 m (8.20 ft / 2.50 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 8.20 ft / 2.50 m
- Stern: 8.20 ft / 2.50 m
- Average freeboard: 12.30 ft / 3.75 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 193.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 74.0 %
Waterplane Area: 5,596 Square feet or 520 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 46 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 26 lbs/sq ft or 129 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.50
- Longitudinal: 1.53
- Overall: 0.55
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather