Parthian Ships 1928 +

[Kaiser Kirk]

Honestly I'm really a fan of two-gun mounts.
I do like the Wirbelwind
and really am partial to gatling and revolver designs- they whirl !!!

[Kaiser Kirk]

The H and I versions explored mounting 390L46 on the vessel.

The Armor is substantially the same as the first posted 'K' version.
Frankly, the armor on the 12x365 is very good, and 350mm is more than the Roman/Byzantine 340mm belts.
But there's no main protective deck behind it, and but I am aware most folks are at 400mm, and Jefgte is 381mm...
So I am very much inclined to go with the thicker armor to help ensure there is no good answer to the question
"ok you can pick the range...so what range do you pick?"...

The H has the 4 x Two-Gun arrangement, and that frees up tonnage to upgrade the secondary to 165mm, which is seen desirable as these ships are expected to be on detached duty more often, so having a heavy gun to engage cruisers or 1-shot destroyers seems ..nice.

The I has the 3 T3 arrangement, but the secondary drops back down to 130mm.
Much like I chose to this time explore quad / four gun turrets, I made a lesser decision to avoid the 3 T 3 arrangement - there's lots of examples of that. 4T3, or 2T3, ok....
Anyhow so that leads me to not be keen on the 3T3

Rate of Fire
Another factor is over the years I have gotten the impression that
Two-gun turrets were fairly efficient in terms of loading drills, and the quads basically doubled up that arrangement,
but triple/three-gun turrets tended to be a little slower for a number of reasons.

It's hard to show as most sources just round up, and who knows how reliable the original numbers are, or if they are short or long term.
But you get Queen Elizabeth at 2rpg, and Nelson at 1.5-1.6, while KGV is back at 2rpg.
The single-slide USN triples were 1.6, the later 3-gun  1.8...
while a Surigao  Colorado was 1.5 over a sustained 13 salvos ... but was old and had several shell hoist issues so maybe that's not the best example, or that's sustained vs. short - but worst case still matching Nelson's triple of similar era on a good day. So I'd guess Colorado new on a good day was faster. .
But you read about triple issues elsewhere as well.

So that Ship Design thread, down in guidance section, I put in the guideline that a Two-gun fires at 100% and a Three-gun at 90% rof.
Seems reasonable.
I figure it reflects Parthian expectations.

So
K : T3 T2 T2 T3 : 18.8 rpm
M : T4 T4     T4 : 24 rom
H : T2 T2 T2 T2  : 16rpm
I :  T3  T3     T3  : 16.2 rpm

Notice, that if correct, there's no advantage to a 3t3...yet it was done repeatedly.
SO I could very well be in the wrong on that one.

But all of that seems to exclude the I version from consideration.

Stormbringer II H, Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 40,696 t standard; 44,126 t normal; 46,870 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (623.16 ft / 616.80 ft) x 114.83 ft (Bulges 124.67 ft) x (31.33 / 33.12 ft)
   (189.94 m / 188.00 m) x 35.00 m (Bulges 38.00 m)  x (9.55 / 10.09 m)

Armament:
      8 - 15.35" / 390 mm 46.0 cal guns - 1,918.02lbs / 870.00kg shells, 160 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts - superfiring
      16 - 6.50" / 165 mm 43.0 cal guns - 143.30lbs / 65.00kg shells, 230 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 23.92lbs / 10.85kg shells, 600 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 18,074 lbs / 8,198 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   15.0" / 380 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   15.42 ft / 4.70 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   215.85 ft / 65.79 m   15.42 ft / 4.70 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -15.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   34.94 ft / 10.65 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 75.46 ft / 23.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   394.52 ft / 120.25 m   19.85 ft / 6.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.1" / 435 mm   7.87" / 200 mm      15.0" / 380 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.97" / 50 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.24" / 6 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.70" / 145 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.51" / 140 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 15.75" / 400 mm, Aft 2.95" / 75 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Geared drive, 4 shafts, 106,912 shp / 79,756 Kw = 26.00 kts
   Range 8,774nm at 16.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 6,174 tons

Complement:
   1,521 - 1,978

Cost:
   £13.226 million / $52.905 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 3,758 tons, 8.5 %
      - Guns: 3,758 tons, 8.5 %
   Armour: 15,391 tons, 34.9 %
      - Belts: 4,368 tons, 9.9 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,163 tons, 2.6 %
      - Bulges: 103 tons, 0.2 %
      - Armament: 3,922 tons, 8.9 %
      - Armour Deck: 5,332 tons, 12.1 %
      - Conning Towers: 503 tons, 1.1 %
   Machinery: 3,329 tons, 7.5 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,164 tons, 32.1 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,125 tons, 13.9 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,358 tons, 3.1 %
      - Hull below water: 361 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 290 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 70 tons
      - Above deck: 561 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     68,702 lbs / 31,163 Kg = 38.0 x 15.4 " / 390 mm shells or 13.3 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
   Metacentric height 7.9 ft / 2.4 m
   Roll period: 18.6 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.47
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.641 / 0.644
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.95 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.84 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 70
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  27.56 ft / 8.40 m,  25.10 ft / 7.65 m
      - Forward deck:   40.00 %,  25.10 ft / 7.65 m,  22.64 ft / 6.90 m
      - Aft deck:   25.00 %,  22.64 ft / 6.90 m,  22.64 ft / 6.90 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  22.64 ft / 6.90 m,  24.28 ft / 7.40 m
      - Average freeboard:      23.94 ft / 7.30 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.8 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 157.7 %
   Waterplane Area: 53,810 Square feet or 4,999 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 216 lbs/sq ft or 1,053 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.94
      - Longitudinal: 1.81
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Meant to operate with the Stormbringer vessels, or stand in line of battle, it is given heavy armor and sufficient speed to exceed the Byzantine line, and many battlewagons.

The high cruise speed and good range at that speed is meant to allow operations backing the cruiser screen. This also makes them more exposed to small surface combatants, and the 165mm secondary is meant to provide defense the fewer screen ships can not.

Tonnage is kept at 38000 tons to allow a reasonable building time, and to keep tonnage in reason.
This does mean that the number of barrels is restricted to a paltry 8, which still allows 4-shell ladders.

The reality of the newest Roman vessels combination of full dreadnaught ability with cruiser speed has not been understood at the time it is laid down.

An All-or-Nothing Design
A followup design to the Stormbringers,
it mimics the armor of the Kaliferns,
with half  barrels and 6 more knots of speed.

Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The  90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 1.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Belt
1) Figure adjusted height for wedge
2) figure  additional belt height for outsloping


Step 1
The bet covers from 2m to -3m.
The lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 2.5m is a uniform 350mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 2.5m tapers from 350mm down to 230mm.
The bulge extends from the lower edge of the belt to the keel.
The TDS rises behind the belt and seals to the armor deck, adding
57mm behind it.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |        | 
               |        |  A ) Upper, 2500mm (2.5m) x 380mm
                \  |    |   
                  \|    |  C) Lower back , 2500 (2.5m) x 230mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
B = 2.5m = 2500
H = 380-230 = 160

A) = 950,000
B) = 200,000
C) = 575,000

SubTotal : 1,725,000
Modeled as average 380mm thickness = /380
Total : 4539.4736= 4.54m
 

Belt is  outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4.54m high. which is "A" or adjacent

COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

Which gives 4.70015 or 4.70 as the height.


Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/140/140 main armored deck : 5177 tons
and a 50mm box around the magazines : 150 tons
Which is a total of 5327tons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40/ 144.7 /140
Which weighs 55327t

Which means vertical is a 140mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines.

Like most 'all or nothing' the Forecastle and Quarterdeck sections
are set up as protective decks.

TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 1.5m above waterline.

TDS :  Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm armor||, 1m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(9mm mild)||
Depth : 1.5m exterior, 3m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :6m, 57mm STS steel


290t Reserve Wt

AD
376t  Fire Control
25t    LR Radio
25t    Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t    Hulesmeyer prox detector
10t    SR Radio for aircraft
100t  Admirals Quarters


5t : Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
10t : Hanger
5t : Fire Ext for hanger.

HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
100t : Fleet command center
38t   Extra pumps
188t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
15t : (5+10) 5t double wall tank5t s 10t AVGAS+Aviation supplies
5t : Fire ext for Avgas.


Decks
+6.85   Weather Deck
+4.35  Weather deck
+1.5 Armor Deck 135mm , top of TDS.
-1.2   3rd Deck
          -2.5 bottom main belt 
-3.2  2nd Deck
-5.7  1st Deck
-8.2   Engineering
-9.16 Double Bottom

[Jefgte]

38 000t is heavy
That mean too...24 DD x 1600t

Heavy AC with 300mm turrets could be an interesting alternative to kill cruisers, like Rocky ideas or a light USS Alaska.

Byzantium is reluctant to spend 37 BP in an Eupatoria type equipped with 381.
A 27/29kts version of the Warspite/Hood would be the max.
Fast battleships will not withstand fire from slower battleships with more guns.

[Kaiser Kirk]

38 000t is heavy
That mean too...24 DD x 1600t

Heavy AC with 300mm turrets could be an interesting alternative to kill cruisers, like Rocky ideas or a light USS Alaska.

Byzantium is reluctant to spend 37 BP in an Eupatoria type equipped with 381.
A 27/29kts version of the Warspite/Hood would be the max.
Fast battleships will not withstand fire from slower battleships with more guns.

Well, my preceding 4 dreadnaughts have 72 main guns, so I seem to be in agreement with the last line.

Sadly most others are laying down dreadnaughts in the 40k range.
This is the same tonnage as the Kalifern and only 4k over the Stormbringer, worth it for the weapon and armor enhancements.

The "Alternative" would be to build another pair for my main battleline - 2 more Kalifern class.

The Destroyers really are not the 'Alternative'.
Out side of game, they had habitability and seakeeping issues that made them not great for long patrols.
That 0.5 comp hull comes with 'quality of life' issues.


I view my fleet as a giant 'rock < paper < scissors < rock' game that needs to be balanced.
Battles can be forced at decisive points such as ports, straits, and amphibious landings, or fleets dispersed to kill commerce.
Fast and agile cruisers should be able to kill destroyers which can kill dreadnaughts which can kill cruisers in their way. 

So I need to have dreadnaughts....and if it's a choice between a 30,000 or a 38,000...that is a 5 destroyer difference. Not 24.

The annoying thing is in reality the 24 destroyers cost more to build and maintain than 1 battleship,
but here they cost the same.

I remain dubious as to the operational value of high DN speed.
Taking the newest, highest value ships and sending them on detached operations...makes little sense to me.
I can achieve the same results with my ACs for half the cost.
Consolidating these very big very fast very new ships with the rest of the old battleline means you're tied to the speed
of your slowest ship.
Then whatever you build, you're going to to need to beat the dreadnaughts you face. Which means you need DN weapons and armor.
The exception to all that is if you only have a couple capital ships, and so you need to ensure they can disengage,
or you commit to a new unitary fleet speed. Which I may do.

I do see a use for the mid-speed ships.

I am not entirely sure 26 is the right mark. 
Maybe 27...but don't think 28 buys me much more, and we start the tonnage cost really going up...
26 is faster than the last Iberian (Malta) and Byzantine vessels.
It's faster than basically all the older DNs.
But not the BCs... Specifically, you have those 2 BCs that can kill my scouting cruisers, but if I have some 26kt
battlewagons, they can be positioned forward, where they can support the screen, but run from your battleline.
That's a useful speed point for me. 

But I want them to be capable of withstanding fire from dreadnaughts, and damaging same.
That way they can kill BCs that do engage, or fall back and take part in my battleline.

That combination of battleship armor, moderate speed, and at least 8-10 guns for 4 shell ladders (2 short, 1 on, 1 long is the optimal pattern) is
putting me in the 36-42k range.

I am trying to resist the push into the mid-40s for tonnage, because it's just expensive.
However my next class after these will almost certainly be in the low 40s.

The Ilmuhus range up to 42 to 45 to 57.. the 57 being a fast version exploration.
But I need decapping plate tech first. And probably decapping plates.

So 'Thunder' and 'Lightning' first. 

As for ACs...

I do have that Dahae design series which has the higher speed with DN guns on 24-28k tons, but the armor is not up to standing in the battleline,
making them battlecruisers.  As things evolve I may build some, but right now I'm 

Like Tac, I prefer the 255 over the 300 for ACs -easier to reach that 4 shell ladder on a reasonable tonnage.
Some Byzantine and Japanese classes are problematic, with a small belt - deck immunity zone, ... but the Zemaka have a substantal speed margin, and should be either able to stand off and use higher ROF for deck pens, or close to where both sides are vulnerable on the belts. The Asbara can likely do the same.

Ironically as this size AC seems to be more common, I start thinking of actually building the Dahae as the counter.

[Kaiser Kirk]

So- taking the Kalifern design and simply updating it for the newer engines,
it does look like I can manage the same armor as the first ship - the K -  along with the Kalifern's 16x365L50 and 20 knots.
So another 2 Kalifern would be an alternative this series. 

[Kaiser Kirk]

Jefgte's comment also made me think I should explore one last option.

For a while I've been thinking of increasing the baseline speed of my battleline.
I know, I know, speedy Parthians is thought the 3rd sign of some global catastrophe.

No worries, I've just been eyeing 23 knots, to get a slight edge on the Byzantine line,
simply using improvements in engine to gain a +2knot advantage while not saracrifiing guns/armor.

It's easier to slow down a Wirozag than speed up a Kalifern,
so ....
The result has Good Seakeeping, slow and easy role, 12x365, Top notch armor, and +2 knots over the Byzantine battleline.

I think in the end, having either more Kaliferns at 20knots, or more Stormbringers at 26knots is better than an in-between ship.
There is also the difference that a Stormbringer can chase down a Byzantine 23-knot colonial battleship...which is useful,
and neither the 20 or 23 knot versions can't.

Kalifern II A, Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 40,984 t standard; 43,507 t normal; 45,525 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (619.88 ft / 613.52 ft) x 111.55 ft (Bulges 121.39 ft) x (31.17 / 32.51 ft)
   (188.94 m / 187.00 m) x 34.00 m (Bulges 37.00 m)  x (9.50 / 9.91 m)

Armament:
      12 - 14.37" / 365 mm 50.0 cal guns - 1,719.61lbs / 780.00kg shells, 160 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 3-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts - superfiring
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 230 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 22,207 lbs / 10,073 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   15.0" / 380 mm   398.79 ft / 121.55 m   16.44 ft / 5.01 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   214.70 ft / 65.44 m   16.44 ft / 5.01 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -12.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   398.79 ft / 121.55 m   39.17 ft / 11.94 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 72.18 ft / 22.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   400.92 ft / 122.20 m   22.97 ft / 7.00 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   16.7" / 425 mm   8.27" / 210 mm      13.8" / 350 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.57" / 40 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.24" / 6 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.71" / 145 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.51" / 140 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 15.75" / 400 mm, Aft 2.95" / 75 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Geared drive, 4 shafts, 65,065 shp / 48,538 Kw = 23.00 kts
   Range 8,820nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 4,541 tons

Complement:
   1,506 - 1,958

Cost:
   £14.276 million / $57.105 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 4,805 tons, 11.0 %
      - Guns: 4,805 tons, 11.0 %
   Armour: 15,791 tons, 36.3 %
      - Belts: 4,631 tons, 10.6 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,297 tons, 3.0 %
      - Bulges: 121 tons, 0.3 %
      - Armament: 4,008 tons, 9.2 %
      - Armour Deck: 5,236 tons, 12.0 %
      - Conning Towers: 498 tons, 1.1 %
   Machinery: 2,026 tons, 4.7 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,055 tons, 32.3 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,507 tons, 12.7 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,323 tons, 3.0 %
      - Hull below water: 361 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 150 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 70 tons
      - Above deck: 666 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     65,802 lbs / 29,847 Kg = 44.3 x 14.4 " / 365 mm shells or 12.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
   Metacentric height 8.0 ft / 2.5 m
   Roll period: 18.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.56
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.656 / 0.658
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.05 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.77 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  27.56 ft / 8.40 m,  26.57 ft / 8.10 m
      - Forward deck:   33.00 %,  26.57 ft / 8.10 m,  25.59 ft / 7.80 m
      - Aft deck:   32.00 %,  17.39 ft / 5.30 m,  17.39 ft / 5.30 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  17.39 ft / 5.30 m,  18.04 ft / 5.50 m
      - Average freeboard:      22.22 ft / 6.77 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 97.1 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 145.4 %
   Waterplane Area: 52,715 Square feet or 4,897 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 227 lbs/sq ft or 1,107 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.94
      - Longitudinal: 1.70
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Kalifern II A - A slower Wirozag examining a 23knot speed.

Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The  90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 1.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Belt
1) Figure adjusted height for wedge
2) figure  additional belt height for outsloping


Step 1
The bet covers from 2m to -3m.
The lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 2.5m is a uniform 350mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 2.5m tapers from 350mm down to 230mm.
The bulge extends from the lower edge of the belt to the keel.
The TDS rises behind the belt and seals to the armor deck, adding
57mm behind it.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |        | 
               |        |  A ) Upper, 2800mm (2.8m) x 380mm
                \  |    |   
                  \|    |  C) Lower back , 2500 (2.5m) x 230mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
B = 2.5m = 2500
H = 380-230 = 160

A) = 1,064,000
B) = 200,000
C) = 575,000

SubTotal : 1,839,000
Modeled as average 380mm thickness = /380
Total : 4839.4736= 4.84m
 

Belt is  outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4.84m high. which is "A" or adjacent

COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

Which gives 5.0107 or 5.01 as the height.


Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/140/140 main armored deck : 5075 tons
and a 50mm box around the magazines : 161 tons
Which is a total of 5236 ons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40/ 145.1 /140
Which weighs 5236t

Which means vertical is a 140mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines.

Like most 'all or nothing' the Forecastle and Quarterdeck sections
are set up as protective decks.

TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 1.5m above waterline.

TDS :  Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm armor||, 1m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(9mm mild)||
Depth : 1.5m exterior, 3m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :6m, 57mm STS steel


150t Reserve Wt

AD
481t  Fire Control
25t    LR Radio
25t    Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t    Hulesmeyer prox detector
10t    SR Radui
100t  Admirals Quarters


5t : Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
10t : Hanger
5t : Fire Ext for hanger.

HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
100t : Fleet command center
38t   Extra pumps
188t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
15t : (5+10) 5t double wall tank5t s 10t AVGAS+Aviation supplies
5t : Fire ext for Avgas.


Decks
+7.8   Weather Deck
+5.3  Weather deck
+2.8 Armor Deck 135mm , top of TDS.
+.03 3rd Deck
-2.2  2nd Deck
          -2.5 bottom main belt 
-4.7  1st Deck
-8.2   Engineering
-9.23 Double Bottom

[Kaiser Kirk]

This is the "Watchdog "  Fleet Escort I've been tinkering with

- 500 tons or less for 6mo build time
- Fast enough to catch a sub
- Cable of dockside refits to MSW or short range troop transports
- meant as a support warship, possibly as leader for AUX vessels.
- meant to be split off to prosecute submarine contacts, releasing DDs.
- tertiary role potential as rescue vessels.   

The Fleet Sloop is meant to provide the 'Patrol Sloop' equivalent to the fleet.

The Fleet Sloop is meant to combine the best current ASW ability with the Depth charge load to prosecute the target. The far more valuable fleet destroyers can then be released for thier primary job of screening and scouting, while preserving thier DC loads.

A secondary role is to augment the Sentry Cruisers as picket vessels, shutting down engines and running on electric to maximize passive listening with the Hydrophones.

The plan is to assign 4 to each of the 4 fleets (Main, Expeditionary, Atlantic, Pacific). If the concept prooves successful, more may be built.

As a tertiary role, it is envisioned that they may be built in sufficient numbers to allow them to be assigned to command divisions of Patrol Sloops, injecting a skilled command and control vessel with the most recent abilities  and being able to serve as mentors.

Designed for rapid construction in the common short 50mm dock, it is intended that if war finds Parthia lacking in sufficient numbers, more could be built rapidly.

The ship design includes allowance for a dockyard refit to strip off the Depthcharge facilities and fit the vessel for minesweeping, or even build temporary accomodations on board. A further simple conversion would be to fit for minelaying. The short beam and shallow draft allow it to go virtually anywhere.

Conceptually they would work in teams of 4,
3 hove too and triangulating the sub location, and the 4th prosecuting the attack.
The provision of electric drive and batteries allows the escorts to creep with noisy engines shut off, enhancing their ability to detect and
pinpoint the sub, while the 4th can rapidly be guided to the attack position, using it's sonar to ping, and the passive ships to update location.

Manban, Parthian Fleet Sloop laid down 1928

Displacement:
   500 t light; 528 t standard; 595 t normal; 648 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (160.48 ft / 157.48 ft) x 29.53 ft x (8.73 / 9.32 ft)
   (48.91 m / 48.00 m) x 9.00 m  x (2.66 / 2.84 m)

Armament:
      4 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 190 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      1 - 4.65" / 118 mm 23.0 cal gun - 55.12lbs / 25.00kg shells, 110 per gun
     Breech loading gun in deck mount, 1928 Model
     1 x Single mount on centreline, forward deck aft
      1 raised mount
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 2,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x Quad mounts on sides amidships
     2 x Quad mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 154 lbs / 70 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   0.59" / 15 mm         -               -
   2nd:   0.59" / 15 mm         -               -
   3rd:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -

Machinery:
   Diesel Internal combustion generators,
   Electric motors, 2 shafts, 4,457 shp / 3,325 Kw = 20.00 kts
   Range 2,600nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 120 tons

Complement:
   59 - 78

Cost:
   £0.166 million / $0.665 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 23 tons, 3.9 %
      - Guns: 23 tons, 3.9 %
   Armour: 6 tons, 1.1 %
      - Armament: 6 tons, 1.1 %
   Machinery: 139 tons, 23.3 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 150 tons, 25.2 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 94 tons, 15.9 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 182 tons, 30.6 %
      - Hull below water: 114 tons
      - Hull void weights: 7 tons
      - Hull above water: 5 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 33 tons
      - Above deck: 23 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     577 lbs / 262 Kg = 25.9 x 3.5 " / 90 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.31
   Metacentric height 1.3 ft / 0.4 m
   Roll period: 10.9 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.27
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.513 / 0.523
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.33 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 12.55 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 69
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  14.11 ft / 4.30 m,  12.63 ft / 3.85 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  12.63 ft / 3.85 m,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m,  10.83 ft / 3.30 m
      - Average freeboard:      11.77 ft / 3.59 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 109.6 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 116.4 %
   Waterplane Area: 3,135 Square feet or 291 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 30 lbs/sq ft or 147 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.61
      - Longitudinal: 4.91
      - Overall: 0.75
   Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Warning: Beam between bulkheads too wide

Manban = Watchdog


Diesels +30% wt
Electric +25%
---
55%

139 * .55 = 76.45 = 76.5

Range = 2600
Diesel +75%
Elec +15
Geared +10%
---
+100%

Range : 2600 * 200% = 5200nm

Miscellaneous Wt.
Reserve :

AD
3t - Fire Control
10t - Squadron Plot Room
0t - SR Radio
10t - NF gear.

OD
5t - Paravanes
3t - 3 x "Y DC throwers (1 ea. beam, 1 fan tail, + stern rail, for up to 7/ attack)
25t - Depth charges - 75 x 280kg

HAW
5t - Climate control

HBW
15t - Enhanced Hydrophones
10t - Early Sonar
76.5t - DieselElectric
2.5t - 25 "Stick bombs" to fire from 90mm guns
10t - Batteries for Silent Running.

[The Rock Doctor]

Why not just say "X% of the 90mm magazines are stick bombs" rather than allocating a separate weight for it?

[Kaiser Kirk]

I suppose that could be done, but they aren't 90mmm shells.
You get 10 stick bombs per ton
As a category under under ASW tonnage.

Plus technically they don't have to be for 90mm..they could fit the 118mm,
but the entire purpose of that gun is it fires flat faced shells that will serve the same
purpose. Until Hedgehogs and Squids, thats the best I can do for a forward facing ASW weapon.

[The Rock Doctor]

Ten stick bombs per ton implies heavy projectiles.

[Kaiser Kirk]

They were.
I'm presuming there's some packaging involved, but probably only 1 on deck/ loaded per gun to start.

I don't have stats for all the variations.
The first ordered was
3.5" 200lb ...no range listed
4" - 350lbs - 270yards, 500lbs - 305yards, 
4.7" - 600lbs - 270yrds

But 200kg would be kinda the mid point, and if the 350 is used, allow for any packaging/handling gear to move it around.
If , like these, it's a 3.5/90mm  then, well I'm costing myself a little tonnage in favor of 1 rule to guide them all.

They wore out the guns fairly fast too.
Which is why they went towards Howitzers - and mine is dinky.
Wait, I wonder if I can fit my 163mm on this ?

[Kaiser Kirk]

They did find the smaller howitzers unsatisfactory, and the one they put in service was a 7.5".. so my 163 is close.
The 118 is better than nothing, and should damage a sub,  but the 163 should kill.
They did start looking at really really large howizters, but the war ended just as all these things started getting into service,
and further development was ceased. 

[The Rock Doctor]

I suppose I could put my new-ish 150mm howitzer to similar use.

[Kaiser Kirk]

I suppose I could put my new-ish 150mm howitzer to similar use.

Yep :)

The Stick bombs basically converted exiting guns to spigot mortars, were a way to allow existing guns to engage ahead, but I expect really only useful for a shot or two before the submarine submerged to far, as reloading would be an issue.

With budgets and treaty limitations interwar, all pretty much dropped.

My Babr II 'Corvettes' aka Pacific Destroyers have the 118 in service, but I can refit them to my 120L43 when I decide the 118 isn't sufficient. 
The larger 163 shell should be far more useful.  Plus if you ever need to do shore bombardment ..these little ships can get close with powerful direct fire, indirect fire, or heavy MG suppressive fire...and the D-E drive should really help station keeping.

Anyhow here's the reworked Marban "Watchdog"...+2 knots on 1925 subs. Can't keep up with the battleline in a sprint, but I have substantial doubts if that is needed for the goals of this class.

Manban B, Parthian Fleet Sloop laid down 1928

Displacement:
   500 t light; 534 t standard; 642 t normal; 729 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (160.90 ft / 157.48 ft) x 29.53 ft x (8.73 / 9.66 ft)
   (49.04 m / 48.00 m) x 9.00 m  x (2.66 / 2.94 m)

Armament:
      4 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 190 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1910 Model
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      1 - 6.42" / 163 mm 20.0 cal gun - 154.32lbs / 70.00kg shells, 100 per gun
     Quick firing gun in deck mount, 1922 Model
     1 x Single mount on centreline, forward deck aft
      1 raised mount
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 2,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1918 Model
     2 x Quad mounts on sides amidships
     2 x Quad mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 253 lbs / 115 kg

Armour:
   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   0.59" / 15 mm         -               -
   2nd:   0.59" / 15 mm         -               -
   3rd:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -

Machinery:
   Diesel Internal combustion generators,
   Electric motors, 2 shafts, 3,838 shp / 2,863 Kw = 19.00 kts
   Range 4,000nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 195 tons

Complement:
   63 - 82

Cost:
   £0.162 million / $0.648 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 29 tons, 4.6 %
      - Guns: 29 tons, 4.6 %
   Armour: 7 tons, 1.0 %
      - Armament: 7 tons, 1.0 %
   Machinery: 119 tons, 18.6 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 166 tons, 25.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 142 tons, 22.1 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 179 tons, 27.9 %
      - Hull below water: 103 tons
      - Hull void weights: 15 tons
      - Hull above water: 5 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 33 tons
      - Above deck: 23 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     828 lbs / 375 Kg = 37.2 x 3.5 " / 90 mm shells or 0.5 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.38
   Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
   Roll period: 10.4 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck,
     a normal bow and a cruiser stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.554 / 0.568
   Length to Beam Ratio: 5.33 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 12.55 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 71 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  16.08 ft / 4.90 m,  13.78 ft / 4.20 m
      - Forward deck:   40.00 %,  13.78 ft / 4.20 m,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m
      - Aft deck:   25.00 %,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  11.15 ft / 3.40 m,  10.83 ft / 3.30 m
      - Average freeboard:      12.36 ft / 3.77 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 93.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 117.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 3,257 Square feet or 303 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 128 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 32 lbs/sq ft or 155 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.60
      - Longitudinal: 5.75
      - Overall: 0.75
   Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Manban = Watchdog

Much the Same ship as before, but with a tad more BC and sacrifing a knot
but gaining 'good seakeeping' and swapping the 118/21 (apparently /21 not /23) for the a 163/20 Howitzer to engage submarines at or near the surface.
Range is also greatly increased.

Theoretially, the 90s will discharge their stick bombs, and then switch to common, while the 163 engages with flat nosed shells which will penetrate the water and hopefully hole or damage the sub.

Diesels +30% wt
Electric +25%
---
55%

119 * .55 = 65.45= 65.5

Range = 4000
Diesel +75%
Elec +15
Geared +10%
---
+100%

Range : 4000 * 200% = 8000nm

Miscellaneous Wt.
Reserve :
15t

AD
3t - Fire Control
10t - Squadron Plot Room
0t - SR Radio
10t - NF gear.

OD
5t - Paravanes
3t - 3 x "Y DC throwers (1 ea. beam, 1 fan tail, + stern rail, for up to 7/ attack)
25t - Depth charges - 75 x 280kg

HAW
5t - Climate control

HBW
15t - Enhanced Hydrophones
10t - Early Sonar
65.5t - DieselElectric
2.5t - 25 "Stick bombs" to fire from 90mm guns
10t - Batteries for Silent Running.

[Kaiser Kirk]

Well my little Close Escort seems to have resolved.

Back to exploring the slower alternatives for opposing the Byzantines.
Then I'll post up a pair of ACs, and probably a Cruiser.

Overall I keep thinking I need the tactical/strategic flexibility of the Mid-Speed ship more, so I have the option of sending 2-4 overseas
as a discrete squadron.

But adding a couple more Kaliferns to the battleline is tempting also.

I don't think my rough build plan would like me building 4 battlewagons ...plus carriers, armored cruisers, cruisers, scouts, destroyers, gunboats, MTBs, subs, Aux, and Land/Air/Fort points...

The Kalifern XIV is the 16x365 & 20knot version with belt boosted to 380, and deck to 135 + 50mm box over magazines.
The Kalifern XV is drops the main battery to 14x 365 but boosts speed to 23knots - 2 more than the Byzantine line. As such it could be the start of a lineage of ships slightly faster than the Byzantines. Same armor as the XIV. Seakeeping drops from 1.2 down to 1.02


Other alternatives include a 20knot with 14x 390L46, and a 20knot with a 10x 435L43. 
The last led me to take a look at the MV for the 435L43, and the 1920 tech version of the gun simply lacks, I need to finish the 1925 tech version to get the MV where I want it.

So this is the XIV followed by the XV

Kalifern XIV, Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 41,555 t standard; 44,063 t normal; 46,069 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (609.96 ft / 603.67 ft) x 114.83 ft (Bulges 124.67 ft) x (31.33 / 32.65 ft)
   (185.92 m / 184.00 m) x 35.00 m (Bulges 38.00 m)  x (9.55 / 9.95 m)

Armament:
      16 - 14.37" / 365 mm 50.0 cal guns - 1,719.61lbs / 780.00kg shells, 157 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 4-gun mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 220 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 29,085 lbs / 13,193 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   15.0" / 380 mm   392.39 ft / 119.60 m   13.12 ft / 4.00 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   211.25 ft / 64.39 m   13.12 ft / 4.00 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -15.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   392.39 ft / 119.60 m   35.04 ft / 10.68 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 82.02 ft / 25.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   398.95 ft / 121.60 m   23.13 ft / 7.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.1" / 435 mm   7.87" / 200 mm      13.8" / 350 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.57" / 40 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.55" / 141 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.31" / 135 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.96" / 380 mm, Aft 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Electric motors, 4 shafts, 39,282 shp / 29,304 Kw = 20.10 kts
   Range 8,664nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 4,514 tons

Complement:
   1,519 - 1,976

Cost:
   £16.333 million / $65.332 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 6,243 tons, 14.2 %
      - Guns: 6,243 tons, 14.2 %
   Armour: 14,556 tons, 33.0 %
      - Belts: 3,659 tons, 8.3 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,142 tons, 2.6 %
      - Bulges: 121 tons, 0.3 %
      - Armament: 4,049 tons, 9.2 %
      - Armour Deck: 5,141 tons, 11.7 %
      - Conning Towers: 444 tons, 1.0 %
   Machinery: 1,223 tons, 2.8 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,298 tons, 32.5 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,063 tons, 13.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,679 tons, 3.8 %
      - Hull below water: 608 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 100 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 115 tons
      - Above deck: 780 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     53,718 lbs / 24,366 Kg = 36.2 x 14.4 " / 365 mm shells or 10.2 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.21
   Metacentric height 8.7 ft / 2.6 m
   Roll period: 17.8 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.51
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.24

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.654 / 0.656
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.84 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.57 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  27.23 ft / 8.30 m,  24.93 ft / 7.60 m
      - Forward deck:   20.00 %,  24.93 ft / 7.60 m,  22.31 ft / 6.80 m
      - Aft deck:   45.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  14.11 ft / 4.30 m
      - Average freeboard:      17.84 ft / 5.44 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.2 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 109.3 %
   Waterplane Area: 53,298 Square feet or 4,952 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 247 lbs/sq ft or 1,207 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.95
      - Longitudinal: 1.56
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Adequate accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Simply an update of the Kalifern design.
The last was VII, but skipped to X...and this is XIV


Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The dual 90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 1.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Three steps

Step 1
In the XIV version, the lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 2.5m is a uniform 380mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 1.5m tapers from 380mm down to 310mm.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |         | 
               | A      |  A ) Upper, 2500mm (2.5m) x 380mm
            B  \  | C  |   
                  \|     |  C) Lower back , 1500 (1.5m) x 310mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
B = 1.5m = 1500
H = 380-310 = 70

A) =950,000
B) = 52,500
C) = 465,000

SubTotal : 1,467,500 for 4m high tapered belt
Modeled as average 380mm thickness = /380
Total :  3861.84 = 3.86m
 

Belt is outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4m high. which is "A" or adjacent
COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

So 3.86/ Cos(15) = 3.996

Which gives 4.00 as the height.

Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/135/1135 main armored deck : 4953 tons
and a 50mm box around the magazines : 188 tons
Which is a total of 5141 tons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40 / 140.9 /135
Which weighs  5141 tons

Total Magazine Vertical : 135+(50/2) = 160mm
Which means vertical is a 135mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines. Realistically anything penetrating 135mm is unlikely to detonate fully, so the 50mm is expected to stop flash and chunks.


TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 1.5m above waterline.
This means it can serve as a splinter barrier behind the belt


TDS :  Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm armor||, 1m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(9mm mild)||
Depth : 1.5m exterior, 3m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :6m, 57mm STS steel

100t Reserve Wt

625t Fire Control
25t  LR Radio
0t  SR Radio
0t  SR Air Command Radio
25t  Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t  Hulesmeyer device station keeping
80t Admiral's Flag Bridge

OD
5t Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
50t : Provision for 2 Scout (or Fighter) floatplanes
10t AC Hanger


HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
50t  Auxiliary Battle Control Station
38t   Extra pumps
306t turbo electric
184t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
10t  1t doublewall tank, 6t AVGas, 3t Ftr weaposn
5t AV supplies Fire Ext.

Decks
+6.8 Forecastle deck
+4.0  Weather deck
+1.5 Armor Deck 140mm, on top of TDS
          -2.5 bottom main belt , top of Bulge
-3.2  2nd Deck
-5.7  1st Deck
-8.2   Engineering
-9.18 Double Bottom

Kalifern XV, Parthian Battleship laid down 1928

Displacement:
   38,000 t light; 41,290 t standard; 43,793 t normal; 45,796 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
   (609.96 ft / 603.67 ft) x 114.83 ft (Bulges 124.67 ft) x (31.33 / 32.65 ft)
   (185.92 m / 184.00 m) x 35.00 m (Bulges 38.00 m)  x (9.55 / 9.95 m)

Armament:
      14 - 14.37" / 365 mm 50.0 cal guns - 1,719.61lbs / 780.00kg shells, 160 per gun
     Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
     2 x 4-gun mounts on centreline, evenly spread
     2 x 3-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 raised mounts
      16 - 5.12" / 130 mm 50.0 cal guns - 70.55lbs / 32.00kg shells, 220 per gun
     Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 54.0 cal guns - 24.25lbs / 11.00kg shells, 500 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     6 x 2-gun mounts on sides, evenly spread
      6 raised mounts
     2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      2 double raised mounts
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 6.61lbs / 3.00kg shells, 800 per gun
     Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
     4 x 2-gun mounts on side ends, evenly spread
      4 double raised mounts
      16 - 0.59" / 15.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.11lbs / 0.05kg shells, 5,000 per gun
     Machine guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
     8 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
      8 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 25,646 lbs / 11,633 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   15.0" / 380 mm   392.39 ft / 119.60 m   13.12 ft / 4.00 m
   Ends:   1.57" / 40 mm   211.25 ft / 64.39 m   13.12 ft / 4.00 m
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
     Main Belt inclined -15.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
      2.24" / 57 mm   392.39 ft / 119.60 m   35.04 ft / 10.68 m
   Beam between torpedo bulkheads 82.02 ft / 25.00 m

   - Hull Bulges:
      0.35" / 9 mm   398.95 ft / 121.60 m   23.13 ft / 7.05 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   17.1" / 435 mm   7.87" / 200 mm      13.8" / 350 mm
   2nd:   1.97" / 50 mm   1.38" / 35 mm      1.57" / 40 mm
   3rd:   0.98" / 25 mm   0.98" / 25 mm      0.98" / 25 mm
   4th:   0.31" / 8 mm         -               -
   5th:   0.12" / 3 mm         -               -

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
   For and Aft decks: 5.55" / 141 mm
   Forecastle: 1.57" / 40 mm  Quarter deck: 5.31" / 135 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.96" / 380 mm, Aft 1.57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Electric motors, 4 shafts, 65,981 shp / 49,222 Kw = 23.00 kts
   Range 8,692nm at 14.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 4,506 tons

Complement:
   1,513 - 1,967

Cost:
   £15.535 million / $62.138 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 5,524 tons, 12.6 %
      - Guns: 5,524 tons, 12.6 %
   Armour: 14,590 tons, 33.3 %
      - Belts: 3,657 tons, 8.4 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,142 tons, 2.6 %
      - Bulges: 121 tons, 0.3 %
      - Armament: 4,105 tons, 9.4 %
      - Armour Deck: 5,122 tons, 11.7 %
      - Conning Towers: 443 tons, 1.0 %
   Machinery: 2,054 tons, 4.7 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,925 tons, 31.8 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,793 tons, 13.2 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 1,907 tons, 4.4 %
      - Hull below water: 816 tons
      - Bulge void weights: 100 tons
      - Hull above water: 76 tons
      - On freeboard deck: 115 tons
      - Above deck: 800 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     53,154 lbs / 24,110 Kg = 35.8 x 14.4 " / 365 mm shells or 10.1 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
   Metacentric height 7.6 ft / 2.3 m
   Roll period: 18.9 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
     a ram bow and a round stern
   Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.650 / 0.652
   Length to Beam Ratio: 4.84 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 24.57 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 69
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
   Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
            Fore end,    Aft end
      - Forecastle:   20.00 %,  27.23 ft / 8.30 m,  24.93 ft / 7.60 m
      - Forward deck:   30.00 %,  24.93 ft / 7.60 m,  22.31 ft / 6.80 m
      - Aft deck:   35.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
      - Quarter deck:   15.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  14.11 ft / 4.30 m
      - Average freeboard:      18.89 ft / 5.76 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.7 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 120.1 %
   Waterplane Area: 53,103 Square feet or 4,933 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 236 lbs/sq ft or 1,152 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.94
      - Longitudinal: 1.60
      - Overall: 1.00
   Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
   Excellent accommodation and workspace room
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform

Simply an update of the Kalifern design.

The XV trades the 16x365 for 12x365 and +3knots.
This gives +2 knots over the Byzantine Battleline.


Deck Guns
Deck guns are echloned outwards, like on Iowa,
allowing 4 to bear ahead (8 guns), or 4 on each side.
The dual 90m AA are above them.

Main Belt Armor 
This embraces "all or nothing", but only has 1 deck level unprotected aft and 2 forward.
The main armor deck caps the belt at 1.5m.

Outsloped Wedge shaped Belt
Three steps

Step 1
In the XIV version, the lower portion of the belt tapers.
The upper 2.5m is a uniform 380mm, extending 0.5m below WL.
the lower 1.5m tapers from 380mm down to 310mm.

Mathwise that means there are 3 sections.
               |         | 
               | A      |  A ) Upper, 2500mm (2.5m) x 380mm
            B  \  | C  |   
                  \|     |  C) Lower back , 1500 (1.5m) x 310mm
B) Wedge 1/2B x H :
B = 1.5m = 1500
H = 380-310 = 70

A) =950,000
B) = 52,500
C) = 465,000

SubTotal : 1,467,500 for 4m high tapered belt
Modeled as average 380mm thickness = /380
Total :  3861.84 = 3.86m
 

Belt is outsloped by 15%.
Step 2 Outsloping
Overall it is 4m high. which is "A" or adjacent
COS 15 = A/H
H* Cos 15 = A
H = A/Cos 15

So 3.86/ Cos(15) = 3.996

Which gives 4.00 as the height.

Deck Armor
Deck Armored is modeled as two parts
A 40/135/1135 main armored deck : 4953 tons
and a 50mm box around the magazines : 188 tons
Which is a total of 5141 tons

To model that, the deck thickness is shown as
40 / 140.9 /135
Which weighs  5141 tons

Total Magazine Vertical : 135+(50/2) = 160mm
Which means vertical is a 135mm deck with a 50mm splinter box over the magazines. Realistically anything penetrating 135mm is unlikely to detonate fully, so the 50mm is expected to stop flash and chunks.


TDS
Raised to the underside of the Armor deck at 1.5m above waterline.
This means it can serve as a splinter barrier behind the belt


TDS :  Bulge ||9mm mild hull||, 1m liquid ||9mm mild||, 1m void ||9mm armor||, 1m liquid || armored (2x19=38mm)||,1.5m  Dam control/ flooding ||(9mm mild)||
Depth : 1.5m exterior, 3m interior to main bulkhead, 1.5m to second bulkhead. Total :6m, 57mm STS steel

100t Reserve Wt

625t Fire Control
25t  LR Radio
0t  SR Radio
0t  SR Air Command Radio
25t  Searchlight Tower (NF)
25t  Hulesmeyer device station keeping
100t Admiral's Flag Bridge

OD
5t Paravanes
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
25t +5t : Fighter/Scout floatplane + Gunpowder Cat
50t : Provision for 2 Scout (or Fighter) floatplanes
10t AC Hanger


HAW
38t Additional fire suppresion
38t CO2 Air conditioning

HBW
50t  Auxiliary Command Center
38t   Extra pumps
514t turbo electric
184t torpedo nets
15t   Enhanced Hydrophones
10t  1t doublewall tank, 6t AVGas, 3t Ftr weaposn
5t AV supplies Fire Ext.

Decks
+6.8 Forecastle deck
+4.0  Weather deck
+1.5 Armor Deck 140mm, on top of TDS
          -2.5 bottom main belt , top of Bulge
-3.2  2nd Deck
-5.7  1st Deck
-8.2   Engineering
-9.18 Double Bottom