1st Class Cruisers

[Carthaginian]

The Jackson class are the only first class protected cruisers in the Confederate States' Navy. They have become too slow and lightly-armed for modern warfare, but are retained because of their exceptional range. This brings its' own problems - able to travel far from friendly bases, they are likely to suffer flooding that renders them unable to return safely to port.

CSS Jackson - expended as target 1899
CSS Lee - expended as target 1899

CSS Jackson, Confederate States of America First Class Protected Cruiser laid down 1884

Displacement:
5,541 t light; 5,734 t standard; 7,356 t normal; 8,654 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
412.00 ft / 412.00 ft x 55.00 ft x 19.00 ft (normal load)
125.58 m / 125.58 m x 16.76 m x 5.79 m

Armament:
2 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1884 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
16 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 12.50lbs / 5.67kg shells, 1884 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1884 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 960 lbs / 436 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
4 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm - 2.00" / 51 mm

- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9,493 ihp / 7,082 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,920 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
396 - 516

Cost:
£0.550 million / $2.201 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 113 tons, 1.5 %
Armour: 1,357 tons, 18.4 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 68 tons, 0.9 %
- Armour Deck: 1,224 tons, 16.6 %
- Conning Tower: 65 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 1,866 tons, 25.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,205 tons, 30.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,815 tons, 24.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
6,958 lbs / 3,156 Kg = 19.6 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.59
Metacentric height 4.5 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 10.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.13
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.36

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.598
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.49 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.30 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 52
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 11.00 ft / 3.35 m
- Mid (68 %): 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
- Stern: 11.00 ft / 3.35 m
- Average freeboard: 10.60 ft / 3.23 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 100.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 82.5 %
Waterplane Area: 16,542 Square feet or 1,537 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 123 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 95 lbs/sq ft or 463 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.06
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

Essentially an armoured version of the Jackson class, the Lincoln and Davis share the earlier ships' abilities, whilst gaining better protection - from their armoured belts - against flooding. Slight improvements in crew accomodation also make the ships far more effective during long cruises.

CSS Lincoln - scrapped 1899
CSS Davis - scrapped 1899

CSS Lincoln, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1886

Displacement:
5,787 t light; 5,983 t standard; 7,523 t normal; 8,755 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
412.00 ft / 412.00 ft x 55.00 ft x 20.00 ft (normal load)
125.58 m / 125.58 m x 16.76 m x 6.10 m

Armament:
2 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1886 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
16 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns (8x2 guns), 12.50lbs / 5.67kg shells, 1886 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1886 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 960 lbs / 436 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
6 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 275.00 ft / 83.82 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 137.00 ft / 41.76 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 275.00 ft / 83.82 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm - 3.00" / 76 mm

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 9,380 ihp / 6,997 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,772 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
403 - 525

Cost:
£0.555 million / $2.218 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 117 tons, 1.6 %
Armour: 1,611 tons, 21.4 %
- Belts: 1,167 tons, 15.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 93 tons, 1.2 %
- Armour Deck: 301 tons, 4.0 %
- Conning Tower: 50 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 1,813 tons, 24.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,246 tons, 29.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,736 tons, 23.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7,259 lbs / 3,293 Kg = 19.8 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.45
Metacentric height 3.9 ft / 1.2 m
Roll period: 11.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.16
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.35

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.581
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.49 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.30 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 52
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Mid (68 %): 11.00 ft / 3.35 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 11.00 ft / 3.35 m
- Stern: 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Average freeboard: 11.60 ft / 3.53 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 99.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 87.5 %
Waterplane Area: 16,281 Square feet or 1,513 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 95 lbs/sq ft or 463 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.14
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

Named after the leaders of the unsuccessful Revolution of 1780, the Washington class of armoured cruisers are faster than the three preceding classes, and carry a more effective secondary battery of 4" guns. To achieve these improvements, the ships are both 1000 tons larger than the earlier ships, with four-fifths the range. Nonetheless, the effective endurance is considered about equal, as the more spacious accomodation reduces the risk of mutiny, a fact which is often joked of by the crews.

CSS Washington - scrapped 1899
CSS Adams - scrapped 1899

CSS Washington, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1888

Displacement:
6,723 t light; 6,934 t standard; 8,165 t normal; 9,149 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
424.00 ft / 424.00 ft x 58.00 ft x 20.00 ft (normal load)
129.24 m / 129.24 m x 17.68 m x 6.10 m

Armament:
2 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1888 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
10 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 25.00lbs / 11.34kg shells, 1888 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1888 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1,010 lbs / 458 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
6 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 315.00 ft / 96.01 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 109.00 ft / 33.22 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 114 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm - 4.00" / 102 mm

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 11,802 ihp / 8,804 Kw = 19.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,214 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
429 - 558

Cost:
£0.659 million / $2.635 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 133 tons, 1.6 %
Armour: 1,926 tons, 23.6 %
- Belts: 1,428 tons, 17.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 110 tons, 1.3 %
- Armour Deck: 327 tons, 4.0 %
- Conning Tower: 61 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,225 tons, 27.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,440 tons, 29.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,441 tons, 17.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
6,913 lbs / 3,136 Kg = 18.3 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.46
Metacentric height 4.2 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 11.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.15
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.44

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.581
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.31 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.59 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 49
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Mid (68 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 12.60 ft / 3.84 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 110.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 97.0 %
Waterplane Area: 17,669 Square feet or 1,642 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 468 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.17
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

Once more, the speed of first class cruisers was increased in this class. With the heaviest light battery - sixteen 4" QF guns - of any cruiser, these magnificent ships are able to carry out operations in any sea, against any enemy. As with most Confederate ships, however, accomodations leave a lot to be desired.

CSS Johnston - scrapped 1901
CSS Polk - scrapped 1901

CSS Johnston, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1890

Displacement:
7,940 t light; 8,185 t standard; 9,469 t normal; 10,495 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
460.00 ft / 460.00 ft x 62.00 ft x 20.00 ft (normal load)
140.21 m / 140.21 m x 18.90 m x 6.10 m

Armament:
2 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1890 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 25.00lbs / 11.34kg shells, 1890 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 25.00lbs / 11.34kg shells, 1890 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1890 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1,160 lbs / 526 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
6 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 345.00 ft / 105.16 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 115.00 ft / 35.05 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm - 4.00" / 102 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 15,068 ihp / 11,240 Kw = 20.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,310 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
479 - 623

Cost:
£0.804 million / $3.216 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 161 tons, 1.7 %
Armour: 2,160 tons, 22.8 %
- Belts: 1,518 tons, 16.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 195 tons, 2.1 %
- Armour Deck: 379 tons, 4.0 %
- Conning Tower: 67 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,790 tons, 29.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,828 tons, 29.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,529 tons, 16.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
8,015 lbs / 3,636 Kg = 20.6 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.57
Metacentric height 5.2 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 11.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.11
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.49

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.581
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.42 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.45 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 47
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Mid (68 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m (8.00 ft / 2.44 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Stern: 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Average freeboard: 13.44 ft / 4.10 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 117.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 113.3 %
Waterplane Area: 20,491 Square feet or 1,904 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 97 lbs/sq ft or 475 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

Probably the best Confederate first class cruisers, the Hill class restored the long range of the early ships, with the best accomodation since the Washington was commissioned. Although the 4" gun is nominally inferior to the 6" of later classes, the great number of these - some twenty - is not felt lacking. A heavy torpedo armament, consisting of four 19.5" tubes on the broadside and two forwards, makes these potent enemies for most ships. The Hill ranks as the only Confederate capital ship to have sunk another ship - the hulk of the old Atlanta - using torpedoes.

CSS Hill - sold to Rohan 1904
CSS Sherman - sold to Rohan 1904

CSS Hill, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1892

Displacement:
9,850 t light; 10,185 t standard; 11,968 t normal; 13,393 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
498.00 ft / 498.00 ft x 68.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
151.79 m / 151.79 m x 20.73 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
4 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (2x2 guns), 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1892 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 25.00lbs / 11.34kg shells, 1892 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 25.00lbs / 11.34kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
6 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1892 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 2,023 lbs / 918 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
6 - 19.5" / 495.3 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 6.00" / 152 mm 93.00 ft / 28.35 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 125 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 7.00" / 178 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 17,119 ihp / 12,771 Kw = 20.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,208 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
571 - 743

Cost:
£1.004 million / $4.015 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 275 tons, 2.3 %
Armour: 2,797 tons, 23.4 %
- Belts: 1,868 tons, 15.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 397 tons, 3.3 %
- Armour Deck: 454 tons, 3.8 %
- Conning Tower: 79 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 3,057 tons, 25.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,722 tons, 31.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,117 tons, 17.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
11,315 lbs / 5,132 Kg = 29.1 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.48
Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 12.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.17
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.44

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.589
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.32 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.32 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 49
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m (10.00 ft / 3.05 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
- Stern: 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
- Average freeboard: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 107.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 112.0 %
Waterplane Area: 24,514 Square feet or 2,277 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 109 lbs/sq ft or 534 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.06
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

A lamentable episode in Confederate cruiser design, the Ashby class mounts the heavy 200pdr as a secondary gun. To achieve this, the old main battery of two 380pdrs had to be resumed, although the effective broadside is similar to later ships with 6" secondaries. The 7.5" gun lacks the rate of fire to effectively damage the upperworks of enemy ships, whilst not having the range or penetration to compensate for the loss of two 9.2" guns. This was the last class to mount the 200pdr, 7.5" gun after poor experiences with the similarly-armed battleships caused later vessels to be recast with 6" guns.

CSS Ashby - SCRAPPED 1908
CSS Morgan - SCRAPPED 1908

CSS Ashby, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1894

Displacement:
9,778 t light; 10,249 t standard; 11,968 t normal; 13,342 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
498.00 ft / 498.00 ft x 68.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
151.79 m / 151.79 m x 20.73 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
2 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1894 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
14 - 7.50" / 191 mm guns in single mounts, 200.00lbs / 90.72kg shells, 1894 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
12 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 12.50lbs / 5.67kg shells, 1894 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
4 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1894 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
6 - 1.85" / 47.0 mm guns in single mounts, 3.00lbs / 1.36kg shells, 1894 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 3,730 lbs / 1,692 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
6 - 19.5" / 495.3 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 93.00 ft / 28.35 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 125 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 7.00" / 178 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 17,119 ihp / 12,771 Kw = 20.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,093 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
571 - 743

Cost:
£1.167 million / $4.666 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 489 tons, 4.1 %
Armour: 2,687 tons, 22.5 %
- Belts: 1,840 tons, 15.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 315 tons, 2.6 %
- Armour Deck: 454 tons, 3.8 %
- Conning Tower: 79 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,952 tons, 24.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,650 tons, 30.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,189 tons, 18.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
9,785 lbs / 4,438 Kg = 25.1 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.63
Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 11.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.45

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.589
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.32 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.32 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 48
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Mid (68 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m (8.00 ft / 2.44 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Stern: 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Average freeboard: 13.44 ft / 4.10 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 119.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 113.7 %
Waterplane Area: 24,514 Square feet or 2,277 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 96 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 108 lbs/sq ft or 528 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.01
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

[Carthaginian]

These are faster than earlier Confederate first class cruisers, their speed coming as ever at the expense of range. Nonetheless, they mount a battery that is second to none and one - the Mosby - has held the Fleet gunnery cup since commission. Later classes are expected to be based on this solid foundation, improving the dubious arrangement of the light 3" guns.

AC-11 CSS Stuart
AC-12 CSS Mosby

CSS Stuart, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1896

Displacement:
10,250 t light; 10,628 t standard; 11,968 t normal; 13,039 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
498.00 ft / 498.00 ft x 68.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
151.79 m / 151.79 m x 20.73 m x 6.40 m

Armament:
4 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (2x2 guns), 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1896 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 1896 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
12 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns (8 mounts), 12.50lbs / 5.67kg shells, 1896 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
4 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
4 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1896 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 2,872 lbs / 1,303 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
6 - 19.5" / 495.3 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 93.00 ft / 28.35 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 125 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 7.00" / 178 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -

- Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 20,586 ihp / 15,357 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,411 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
571 - 743

Cost:
£1.156 million / $4.624 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 377 tons, 3.2 %
Armour: 2,776 tons, 23.2 %
- Belts: 1,840 tons, 15.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 404 tons, 3.4 %
- Armour Deck: 454 tons, 3.8 %
- Conning Tower: 79 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 3,431 tons, 28.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,665 tons, 30.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,717 tons, 14.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
8,519 lbs / 3,864 Kg = 21.9 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.50
Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 12.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.21
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.39

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.589
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.32 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.32 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Mid (68 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m (8.00 ft / 2.44 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Stern: 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
- Average freeboard: 13.44 ft / 4.10 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 125.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 113.7 %
Waterplane Area: 24,514 Square feet or 2,277 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 109 lbs/sq ft or 530 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.06
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
   

[Carthaginian]

The Davis Class was refit during 1913/1914. The two ships of this class as refit:

As part of the refit, the coal fired boilers were converted to oil firing. The outdated 4.85" 55 pounders were removed, and their casemates plated up. The mostly useless 6 pounder guns were likewise removed. In the place of the former secondary armament, 20 new pattern 4.75" 50 pounder guns in deck mounts were installed, as well as the new 1.5" AA gun.

Additionally, new centralized fire control was fitted, and various fittings and equipment were repaired, reconditioned, or replaced as appropriate.




CSS Davis Refit, CSA First Class Cruiser laid down 1901

Displacement:
   11,717 t light; 12,188 t standard; 13,777 t normal; 15,048 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   528.00 ft / 528.00 ft x 70.00 ft x 22.00 ft (normal load)
   160.93 m / 160.93 m x 21.34 m  x 6.71 m

Armament:
      6 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1901 Model
     Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
     on centreline ends, evenly spread
      20 - 4.75" / 121 mm guns in single mounts, 50.00lbs / 22.68kg shells, 1913 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts
     on side, all amidships
      4 - 1.50" / 38.1 mm guns in single mounts, 1.69lbs / 0.77kg shells, 1913 Model
     Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      8 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1901 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
   Weight of broadside 3,291 lbs / 1,493 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   7.00" / 178 mm   435.00 ft / 132.59 m   10.00 ft / 3.05 m
   Ends:   5.00" / 127 mm     93.00 ft / 28.35 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Upper:   4.00" / 102 mm   405.00 ft / 123.44 m   8.00 ft / 2.44 m
     Main Belt covers 127 % of normal length

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   9.00" / 229 mm   5.00" / 127 mm      7.00" / 178 mm
   2nd:   1.00" / 25 mm         -               -

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
   Direct drive, 2 shafts, 22,039 ihp / 16,441 Kw = 21.00 kts
   Range 13,250nm at 10.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 2,860 tons

Complement:
   635 - 826

Cost:
   £1.201 million / $4.802 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 427 tons, 3.1 %
   Armour: 3,717 tons, 27.0 %
      - Belts: 1,927 tons, 14.0 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
      - Armament: 710 tons, 5.2 %
      - Armour Deck: 994 tons, 7.2 %
      - Conning Tower: 87 tons, 0.6 %
   Machinery: 3,082 tons, 22.4 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,141 tons, 30.1 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,059 tons, 14.9 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 350 tons, 2.5 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     14,997 lbs / 6,803 Kg = 38.5 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.32
   Metacentric height 4.8 ft / 1.5 m
   Roll period: 13.4 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.32
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.52

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has a flush deck
   Block coefficient: 0.593
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.54 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 22.98 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 46
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      18.00 ft / 5.49 m
      - Forecastle (20 %):   17.00 ft / 5.18 m
      - Mid (68 %):      15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Quarterdeck (15 %):   15.00 ft / 4.57 m
      - Stern:      16.00 ft / 4.88 m
      - Average freeboard:   16.04 ft / 4.89 m
   Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.9 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126.8 %
   Waterplane Area: 26,856 Square feet or 2,495 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 109 lbs/sq ft or 530 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.98
      - Longitudinal: 1.14
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
   Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
   Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Misc Weights:
250t: Fire Control
50t: Reserve

Refurbishment Costs:
Basic Refurbishment: 20% of 11,558t = 2311.6 = $2.31
250t Functional Misc Weight (FC): 0.250 BP and $0.50
50t Non-functional Misc Weight: 0.050 BP and $0.05
134 t New Armament:  0.134 BP and $0.268

Total: 0.434 BP and $3.128

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

As originally designed:

The Davis class is heavily armed, mounting 6pdrs on the turret tops and lining the decks. Below these are the 55pdr casemates, and above are the 1" machine guns. The arrangement of 380pdr guns allows four guns to fire ahead at reasonable ranges, and gives a 6-gun broadside.

The design was originally intended to fit four 380pdr guns and four 200pdr guns in casemates, but this was revised due to the development of the 55pdr gun and the outcome of the so-called "Battle of Antigua".

Original Illustration by Carthaginian: http://i142.photobucket.com/albums/r114/Carthaginian/Navalism/Davis.png

AC-13 CSS Davis
AC-14 CSS Lincoln

First Class Cruiser 1901, Confederate States of America First Class Armoured Cruiser laid down 1901

Displacement:
11,558 t light; 12,046 t standard; 13,777 t normal; 15,161 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
528.00 ft / 528.00 ft x 70.00 ft x 22.00 ft (normal load)
160.93 m / 160.93 m x 21.34 m x 6.71 m

Armament:
6 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (3x2 guns), 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1901 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward
20 - 4.85" / 123 mm guns in single mounts, 55.00lbs / 24.95kg shells, 1901 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
20 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
24 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (16 mounts), 6.00lbs / 2.72kg shells, 1901 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
8 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns in single mounts, 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1901 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 3,528 lbs / 1,600 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
6 - 19.5" / 495.3 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 93.00 ft / 28.35 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 127 % of normal length

- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 7.00" / 178 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm - -

- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 22,039 ihp / 16,441 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,115 tons (60% coal)

Complement:
635 - 826

Cost:
£1.241 million / $4.963 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 452 tons, 3.3 %
Armour: 3,629 tons, 26.3 %
- Belts: 1,927 tons, 14.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 622 tons, 4.5 %
- Armour Deck: 994 tons, 7.2 %
- Conning Tower: 87 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 3,260 tons, 23.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,217 tons, 30.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,218 tons, 16.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
12,973 lbs / 5,885 Kg = 33.3 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.40
Metacentric height 5.3 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 12.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.54

Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.593
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.54 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.98 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 46
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Mid (68 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Stern: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Average freeboard: 16.04 ft / 4.89 m
Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126.8 %
Waterplane Area: 26,856 Square feet or 2,495 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 111 lbs/sq ft or 540 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.17
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

[Guinness]

For the 1914 program, the CSA included an appropriations request for two battleships following a natural evolution from the Alabama class. Congress, however, swayed by arguments from outside the Navy Department (but likely originating within), instead specified two "fast armored cruisers of the type known elsewhere alternately as armored cruisers, armored frigates, or battle cruisers, to displace not more than 30,000 tons in light condition, and capable of no less than a speed of twenty-seven nautical miles per hour".

Naval department designers, faced with an engineering constraint of 20,000 shp, and the practical limitation of no more than four screws per ship, opted for a more limited design than hinted at by Congress. While officially termed "armored cruisers (First Class)", the new ships carry neither traditional first class cruiser names, nor traditional battleship names. Many are already optimistically referring to them as "fast battleships".

Following the realization that a very serious calculation error had been made in these ships after their preliminary design, they had to be redesigned. The hull is still largely the same, but the delay will be lengthy and costly.

Design further revised in 1/1916, substituting 4 3.5" guns for 4 of the original 6 2-pounder AA  guns and a small amount of fuel capacity and some constructional reserve, following a revision of staff requirements.

Two ships under construction:
AC-15 CSS Enterprise
AC-16 CSS America


(Click on all images below to see full-resolution version)









CSS Enterprise, CSA Armored Cruiser laid down 1914 (Engine 1912)

Displacement:
   25,545 t light; 26,971 t standard; 28,650 t normal; 29,992 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
   721.00 ft / 708.00 ft x 96.00 ft x 29.74 ft (normal load)
   219.76 m / 215.80 m x 29.26 m  x 9.07 m

Armament:
      8 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,500.00lbs / 680.39kg shells, 1914 Model
     Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
     on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
      14 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns (8 mounts), 75.00lbs / 34.02kg shells, 1914 Model
     Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
     on side, all amidships
      2 - 1.58" / 40.0 mm guns in single mounts, 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 1914 Model
     Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
     on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 1.00" / 25.4 mm guns (6x2 guns), 0.50lbs / 0.23kg shells, 1914 Model
     Machine guns in deck mounts
     on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      4 - 3.50" / 88.9 mm guns in single mounts, 20.00lbs / 9.07kg shells, 1914 Model
     Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
     on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
   Weight of broadside 13,140 lbs / 5,960 kg
   Shells per gun, main battery: 115

Armour:
   - Belts:      Width (max)   Length (avg)      Height (avg)
   Main:   11.0" / 279 mm   458.00 ft / 139.60 m   16.00 ft / 4.88 m
   Ends:   Unarmoured
     Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
      1.50" / 38 mm   458.00 ft / 139.60 m   32.00 ft / 9.75 m

   - Gun armour:   Face (max)   Other gunhouse (avg)   Barbette/hoist (max)
   Main:   13.0" / 330 mm   4.00" / 102 mm      11.5" / 292 mm
   2nd:   1.50" / 38 mm   1.00" / 25 mm      1.50" / 38 mm
   5th:   1.00" / 25 mm         -         1.50" / 38 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm

Machinery:
   Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
   Direct drive, 4 shafts, 80,000 shp / 59,680 Kw = 27.00 kts
   Range 7,255nm at 12.00 kts
   Bunker at max displacement = 3,021 tons

Complement:
   1,100 - 1,431

Cost:
   £3.190 million / $12.759 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
   Armament: 1,388 tons, 4.8 %
   Armour: 9,044 tons, 31.6 %
      - Belts: 3,453 tons, 12.1 %
      - Torpedo bulkhead: 813 tons, 2.8 %
      - Armament: 2,031 tons, 7.1 %
      - Armour Deck: 2,504 tons, 8.7 %
      - Conning Tower: 242 tons, 0.8 %
   Machinery: 3,190 tons, 11.1 %
   Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,562 tons, 40.4 %
   Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,105 tons, 10.8 %
   Miscellaneous weights: 361 tons, 1.3 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
   Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
     35,426 lbs / 16,069 Kg = 28.8 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 5.8 torpedoes
   Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
   Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.7 m
   Roll period: 17.0 seconds
   Steadiness   - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
         - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.60
   Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.20

Hull form characteristics:
   Hull has rise forward of midbreak
   Block coefficient: 0.496
   Length to Beam Ratio: 7.38 : 1
   'Natural speed' for length: 26.61 kts
   Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
   Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 53
   Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 23.43 degrees
   Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
   Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
      - Stem:      30.00 ft / 9.14 m
      - Forecastle (20 %):   23.50 ft / 7.16 m
      - Mid (53 %):      19.50 ft / 5.94 m (12.00 ft / 3.66 m aft of break)
      - Quarterdeck (17 %):   13.50 ft / 4.11 m
      - Stern:      15.50 ft / 4.72 m
      - Average freeboard:   18.61 ft / 5.67 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
   Space   - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.9 %
      - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 135.4 %
   Waterplane Area: 45,121 Square feet or 4,192 Square metres
   Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
   Structure weight / hull surface area: 184 lbs/sq ft or 897 Kg/sq metre
   Hull strength (Relative):
      - Cross-sectional: 0.97
      - Longitudinal: 1.24
      - Overall: 1.00
   Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
   Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
   Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Misc Weights:
250 t Fire Control
25 t Marconi
50 t Flag Facilities
36 t Reserve

Range at 10 knots: 10580nm
Range at 12 knots: 7255nm
Range at 15 knots: 4455nm
Range at 20 knots: 2245nm
Range at 25 knots: 1247
Range at max speed: 1005nm

Immunity zone:
Approx 16,500 to 20,450 yards (against own guns)
Beyond 14,000 yards (against German 12" gun)